LibGuides: Abnormal Psychology: Cluster A Disorders (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal)

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by odd, disorganized, and/or eccentric thinking and behaviors. This includes paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. Schizotypal personality disorder is also included in the schizophrenia spectrum, though schizophrenia itself is not a personality disorder. For more information on schizophrenia, see the page for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders.

The resources on the right are arranged by type: journal articles and websites.

Cluster A Disorders (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal)

Journal Articles
Websites

Assessment and treatment planning for schizotypal personality disorder: A metacognitively oriented point of view by Cheli, S.
Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, (2020, December), 43(4), 335-343.
Beyond the mental pain: A case-control study on the contribution of schizoid personality disorder symptoms to medically serious suicide attempts by Levi-Belz, Y., et al.
Comprehensive Psychiatry, (2019, April), Vol. 90, 102-109.
A case study on a severe paranoid personality disorder client treated with metacognitive interpersonal therapy by Cheli, S. et al
Journal of Clinical Psychology, (2021), 77(8), 1807-1820.
Changes of intuition in paranoid personality disorder by Jacobs, K. A.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, (2023, January 10), Vol. 14, 1307629.
Comparison of executive functions in individuals with high and low levels of schizotypal trait by Sarajehlou, S. A., et al.
Frontiers in Psychology, (2023, January 27), Vol. 13, 1071777.
Computerized adaptive testing for schizotypal personality disorder: Detecting individuals at risk by Li, Y., et al.
Frontiers in Psychology, (2021), Vol. 11.
Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the dimensional clinical personality inventory - Schizoid Personality Disorder Scale by de Francisco Carvalho, L., Salvador, A. P., & Pereira, A.
Avaliação Psicológica, (2020), 19(3), 289-297.
Evolutionary systems therapy for paranoid personality disorder: A seven cases series by Cheli, S., et al.
Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, (2024), 88(1), 61-80.
The genetic epidemiology of schizotypal personality disorder by Kendler, K. S., et al.
Psychological Medicine, (2024, July), 54(9), 2144-2151.
Hypnotizability and disordered personality styles in cluster A personality disorders by Zhang, B., et al.
Brain Sciences, (2023), 13(2), 182.
Hypnotizability and disordered personality styles in cluster A personality disorders by Zhang, B., et al.
Brain Sciences, (2023), 13(2), 182.
Increasing psychosocial health with cognitive therapy in schizoid personality disorder: A single subject design by Mankiewicz, P. D. & Renton, J. C.
Athens Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, (2019), 6(4), 197-212.
Linking narrative identity with schizotypal personality disorder features in adolescents by See, A. Y., et al.
Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, (2021, March), 12(2), 182-192.
Measuring pathological traits of the schizotypal personality disorder through the HiTOP model by de Francisco Carvalho, L., et al.
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, (2021, December), 62(6), 839-845.
A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing a novel compasion and metacognition approach for schizotypal personality disorder with a combination of cognitive therapy and psychopharmacological treatment by Cheli, S., et al.
BMC Psychiatry, (2023, February 20), 23(1), 1-14.
The relationship between schizotypal traits and affect-driven volition in healthy adults by Lam, J. Y. T., et al.
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, (2023, August 8), Vol. 46, 263-276.
Schizoid personality disorder: Process and outcome in psychotherapy by Kashyap, A., Gupta, A., Sidana, A.
Annals of Indian Psychiatry, (2023), 7(2), 173-176.
Schizotypal personality disorder in the alternative model for personality disorders by Kwapil, T. R., & Barrantes-Vidal, N.
Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, (2022, July), 13(4), 392-396.
Unfulfilled art enthusiast with schizoid personality disorder: A case report by Juruś, K., et al.
Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, (2024), 26(2), 73-77.

Paranoid personality disorder
(Medline Plus) Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a mental condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of distrust and suspicion of others. The person does not have a full-blown psychotic disorder, such as schizophrenia.
Paranoid personality disorder
(National Library of Medicine) Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a psychiatric disorder distinguished by a pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others, leading to impairments in psychosocial functioning.
Paranoid personality disorder
(Cleveland Clinic) Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a mental health condition marked by a pattern of distrust and suspicion of others without adequate reason to be suspicious. People with PPD are always on guard, believing that others are constantly trying to demean, harm or threaten them.
Schizoid personality disorder
(Medline Plus) Schizoid personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has a lifelong pattern of indifference to others and social isolation.
Schizoid personality disorder
(Cleveland Clinic) Schizoid personality disorder is a mental health condition marked by a consistent pattern of detachment from and general disinterest in social relationships. People with schizoid personality disorder also have a limited range of emotions when interacting with others.
Schizoid personality disorder
(National Library of Medicine) Schizoid personality disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by a detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings... This activity demonstrates the evaluation and management of schizoid personality disorder and highlights the role of the interdisciplinary healthcare team in improving care for patients with this condition.
Schizotypal personality disorder
(Medline Plus) Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a mental condition in which a person has trouble with relationships and disturbances in thought patterns, appearance, and behavior.
Schizotypal personality disorder
(Cleveland Clinic) Schizotypal personality disorder (STPD) is a mental health condition marked by a consistent pattern of intense discomfort with relationships and social interactions. People with STPD have unusual thoughts, speech and behaviors, which usually hinder their ability to form and maintain relationships.
Schizotypal personality disorder
(National Library of Medicine) Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by deficits in social and interpersonal skills, highlighted by a reduced ability to form close relationships, occurring in the setting of eccentric behavior and cognitive or perceptual distortions.

LibGuide Curator

Michelle Arnold

Email Me

Abnormal Psychology: Cluster A Disorders (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal)

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Cluster A Disorders (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal)

LibGuide Curator

Need help? Ask a Librarian!