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PS522: Week 1

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Lorraine Patrick

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PS522 Week 1: What is Disinformation? How and why does it work?

Fake News: What is it? And how to spot it
BBC (2019).
How does fake news spread? by Hope, Vike
BBC (n.d).
Is Disinformation the Same as Misinformation? Nope—and the difference is intent
Union of Concerned Scientists, UCSUSA,org
Disinformation consists of lies with a bodyguard of truth. by Goble, Paul.
Institute of World Politics (2014).
What Is propaganda, and how does it differ from persuasion? by Jowett, G., and O'Donnell, V.
SAGE Publications, 2018.
The difference between gray, white And black propaganda by Admin, M.
Knowledgenuts.com
Black propaganda.
Physics.smu.edu (n.d.)
Disguised propaganda from digital to social media by Farkas, J. and Newmayer, C.
Second International Handbook of Internet Research (2020).

Week 1: Psychology and Sociology

How disinformation works: Human psychology makes all of us vulnerable to disinformation campaigns
UCSUSA Union of Concerned Scientists (2022).
Trump supporters explain why they believe the big lie by Longwell, S.
The Atlantic (April 2022).
Self-proclaimed experts more vulnerable to the illusion of knowledge.
Association for Psychological Science (2015).
Schoolkids are falling victim to disinformation and conspiracy fantasies. by Moyer, M.
Scientific American (2022).
A new postmodern condition’: Why disinformation has become so effective. by Kay, L.
Small Wars Journal (2020).
What Stanford research reveals about disinformation and how to address it. by De White, M.
University of Standford (2022).

Week 1: Risk to Democracy

Fake news: Too Important to ignore by Rajan, A.
BBC (2017).
Disinformation in the media: Two ASU journalism experts weigh in. by Arnold, M.
Arizona State University (August, 2020).
Q and A with the experts: Misinformation, disinformation, and the threat to democracy.
University of Waterloo Media Relations (2022).
Includes video.
Disinformation all the way down. by Pomerantsev, P.
The American Interest (2018).
Disinformation and the threat to democracy. by Applebaum, A.
Library of Congress, (January 2019).
Video only.
Welcome to the disinformation game—You’re late. by Ferguson, M.
The Strategy Bridge, (August, 2018).
Fragmenting society, with disinformation. by Allenby, B.
Arizona State University, 2020.
Video.

Week 1: Brief History of Disinformation

A brief history of fake news.
BBC News (n.d.) Video Included.
Fake news, misinformation and propaganda throughout history
History Guild (January, 2021).
Video included.
The long and brutal history of fake news: Bogus news has been around a lot longer than real news. And it’s left a lot of destruction behind. by Soll, J.
Politico (2016).
Performing disinformation: a muddled history and its consequences. by Tolz, V. & Hutchings, S.
Blogs.LSE.ac.uk (8 October 2021).
Psychological warfare since Sun Tzu
Black Propaganda in the Second World War (The History Press, 2005), pp. 10-26
The evolution of disinformation: How public opinion became proxy. by Ferguson, M.
TheStrategyBridge.org (January 2020).

Week 1: Miscellaneous

Voice of America (VOA), Polygraph.info.
Videos Included.